Understanding Gynecomastia: Causes, Treatment, and What to Expect from Surgery

Gynecomastia, a non-cancerous enlargement of breast tissue in males, is a condition affecting many men, often causing both physical discomfort and emotional distress. Gynecomastia can affect one or both breasts and is associated with an increase in glandular tissue, localized fat deposits, or both, leading to the appearance of enlarged breasts. While common among adolescent males due to hormonal shifts, it can occur at any age. Here, we’ll dive into the causes of gynecomastia, treatment options, and what patients can expect from surgery, with insights from Dr. Amiteshwar Singh, Consultant - Plastic, Aesthetic & Reconstructive Surgery at Livasa Hospital, Amritsar.

Causes of Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia is primarily caused by an imbalance in testosterone and estrogen levels, where excess estrogen stimulates the growth of breast tissue. This hormonal fluctuation is common in adolescent boys but can persist or arise at any age due to various factors. Dr. Amiteshwar Singh explains that while pubertal gynecomastia often resolves within 6 months to 2 years, persistent cases may require medical intervention. In addition to physiological causes, certain medications, liver conditions, hormonal disorders, and other health issues may also contribute to gynecomastia. In some instances, no specific cause is identifiable, making management more challenging.

When is Surgery Necessary?

Dr. Amiteshwar Singh emphasizes that surgery is generally recommended for individuals with persistent gynecomastia, especially if the condition causes physical discomfort or emotional distress. For some, weight loss can reduce the breast size, but surgery may still be needed for a defined chest contour. Those whose gynecomastia is linked to an underlying health condition should work with their doctor to manage that condition, but surgery is the only definitive treatment for achieving permanent results.

Surgical Procedure and Preparation

Gynecomastia surgery, usually performed under general anesthesia, takes around 90 minutes to 2 hours. Dr. Amiteshwar Singh notes that the choice of procedure depends on the nature of the breast tissue:

• Liposuction: This technique targets excess fat deposits, without impacting glandular tissue. It’s ideal for cases with minimal glandular tissue and prominent fat deposits.
• Excision: When there’s significant glandular tissue, the surgeon will perform an excision to remove it, achieving the desired chest shape.

In some cases, excess skin removal may be necessary, either in the initial procedure or a follow-up one, to ensure a well-defined contour. Dr. Amiteshwar Singh highlights that before surgery, a thorough evaluation is essential, including a review of medical history and necessary tests, to minimize any risk of complications. Patients are also advised to avoid smoking for at least three weeks before surgery, as smoking can impair healing.

Post-Surgery Expectations

After surgery, a compression garment is recommended for 3 to 6 weeks to reduce swelling and support the healing process. According to Dr. Amiteshwar Singh, most patients can resume light activities within a few days, though they should avoid strenuous activities for approximately three weeks to promote optimal recovery. Common, mild side effects include swelling and temporary numbness, while rarer complications, like scarring or nipple loss, can occur. Dr. Amiteshwar Singh assures that his team at Livasa Hospital prioritizes patient safety and clear communication about potential risks to ensure the best outcomes.

When to Contact Your Doctor

Patients should stay alert for any signs of complications, especially during the initial recovery period. Dr. Amiteshwar Singh advises seeking immediate medical attention if you experience:

• A fever over 100°F
• Unusual drainage from the surgical area
• Dizziness or faintness
• Chest pain or shortness of breath

These symptoms could indicate a complication, and timely contact with your doctor can help address concerns quickly.

Final Thoughts

Gynecomastia surgery can offer lasting relief for men who have struggled with this condition, allowing them to feel more confident and comfortable. Dr. Amiteshwar Singh and the plastic surgery team at Livasa Hospital, Amritsar are dedicated to helping patients make informed decisions about gynecomastia treatment. Whether considering surgery or exploring other options, patients can trust in Dr. Amiteshwar Singh’s expertise and support every step of the way.