Choose From Below Specialities

Rheumatic Fever

Rheumatic fever is a rare but serious inflammatory condition that is a complication of inadequately treated streptococcal infections, particularly strep throat.

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Hypertension

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure levels in the arteries.

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Heart Attack/Myocardial Infarction

A heart attack, or myocardial infarction (MI), is a critical medical event that occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, leading to damage or death of the heart tissue.

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Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) refers to structural or functional abnormalities in the heart present at birth.

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Aortic Aneurysm

An Aortic Aneurysm refers to the abnormal dilation or ballooning of the aorta, the body's largest artery responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

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Transient Ischemic Attack

A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), often referred to as a "mini-stroke," is a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain, resulting in brief neurological symptoms.

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Periphery Artery Disease

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a circulatory disorder characterized by the narrowing or blockage of blood vessels outside the heart, primarily affecting the arteries supplying the legs and feet.

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Adult Congenital Heart Disease

Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) refers to a range of heart conditions present from birth that continue into adulthood.

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Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a progressive and chronic condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances on the inner walls of arteries.

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Arrhythmia

Arrhythmia is an irregular or abnormal heart rhythm that disrupts the normal electrical impulses that coordinate heartbeats.

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Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) is a common and often chronic heart rhythm disorder characterized by irregular and rapid atrial contractions.

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Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)

Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is a cardiac disorder characterized by an extended QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG), reflecting delayed repolarization of the heart's ventricles.

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Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a life-threatening emergency that occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating effectively, preventing blood flow to vital organs.

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Ventricular Tachycardia

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a rapid heart rhythm disorder originating in the heart's lower chambers (ventricles).

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Premature Ventricular Contractions

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are abnormal heartbeats originating from the ventricles, the heart's lower chambers.

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Ebstein's Anomaly in Adults

Ebstein's anomaly is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by abnormalities in the structure and function of the tricuspid valve, which separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.

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Heart Block

Heart block, also known as atrioventricular (AV) block, is a condition characterized by impaired electrical conduction between the heart's upper and lower chambers (atria and ventricles.

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Cardiomegaly

Cardiomegaly, also known as an enlarged heart, is a condition characterized by an increase in the size of the heart chambers.

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Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disease, leading to structural and functional abnormalities.

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cardiovascular condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. Th

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Rheumatic Heart Disease

Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is a serious cardiovascular condition resulting from inadequately treated or recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease caused by streptococ

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Heart Failure

Heart failure, a prevalent and serious cardiovascular condition, occurs when the heart becomes incapable of pumping blood efficiently to meet the body's demands. This chronic syndrome st

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Hypercholesterolemia

Hypercholesterolemia, a common metabolic disorder, is characterized by elevated cholesterol levels in the blood. Cholesterol, a fatty substance, is essential for bodily functions but becomes

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Valvular Heart Disease

Valvular Heart Disease involves abnormalities in the heart valves, impairing their function and disrupting blood flow within the heart.

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Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the ovaries, the organs in women that produce eggs. It's often called a "silent killer" because symptoms may not appear until the cancer has spread. Symptoms can include bloating, pelvic pain, and difficulty eating. Diagnosis involves tests like pelvic exams, ultrasounds, and blood tests for specific markers. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the cancerous tissue, followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. Early detection and awareness are essential for improving outcomes, so women need to pay attention to their bodies and seek medical help if they notice any unusual symptoms.

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Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lungs. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is often linked to smoking, although non-smokers can also develop the disease. Lung cancer

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Gastrointestinal Malignancies

Gastrointestinal malignancies encompass a broad spectrum of cancers affecting the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and anus. Risk factors vary by cancer

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Urological Cancer

Urological cancers affect the urinary system and male reproductive organs, including the kidneys, bladder, prostate, testicles, and penis. Risk factors vary by cancer type but commonly include smoking

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Melanoma

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, which gives skin its color. It typically appears as a new spot or a change in an existing mole. Melanoma c

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Leukemia

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, where blood cells are produced. It involves the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells, which crowd out healthy cells. Leuk

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Thalassemia

Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder affecting hemoglobin production, causing anemia. Individuals with thalassemia produce fewer red blood cells and less hemoglobin, leading to fatigue, weakness, a

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Polycythemia Vera

Polycythemia Vera (PV) is a rare, chronic blood disorder characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells in the bone marrow. This condition can lead to an increased risk of blood clots, stroke,

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Myelofibrosis

Myelofibrosis is a rare bone marrow disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fibrous tissue, leading to the impairment of blood cell production. This condition can cause anemia, weakness

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Essential Thrombocytosis

Essential Thrombocytosis (ET) is a rare blood disorder where the body makes too many platelets, important for blood clotting. This overproduction can lead to blood clotting issues or bleeding problems

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Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic anemia is a rare and serious blood disorder characterized by a decrease in the number of blood cells produced in the bone marrow. This condition leaves the body more vulnerable to infections,

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Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) is a disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly targets and destroys its red blood cells. This condition leads to a shortage of oxygen-carrying red blood

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Bleeding Disorders in Children and Adults

Bleeding disorders encompass a group of conditions characterized by impaired blood clotting, leading to prolonged or spontaneous bleeding. These disorders can affect both children and adults, posing s

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Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) is a genetic blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin, leading to the production of crescent-shaped red blood cells. These misshapen cells can obstruct blood vessel

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Pediatric Cancers

Pediatric cancers are diseases where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in kids' bodies. These cancers are different from those in adults and can occur in various areas like the blood, bones, or organs. Common types include leukemia, brain tumors, and neuroblastoma. Children with cancer may experience symptoms like pain, fatigue, or changes in weight. Doctors use special tests to diagnose and decide the best treatment, which may involve surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. Supportive care is crucial to help children cope with side effects. Although it's a challenging journey, many kids overcome pediatric cancers with the support of medical teams and their families.

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Pediatric Immunodeficiencies

Pediatric Immunodeficiencies are conditions in which a child's immune system is weakened, making them more susceptible to infections. These disorders can be inherited or acquired, affecting the bo

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Bone Cancer

Bone cancer refers to the abnormal growth of cells in the bones, leading to the formation of tumors. These tumors can be malignant or benign, with primary bone cancer originating in the bone itself an

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Gynaecological Oncology

Gynecological oncology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of cancers affecting the female reproductive system, including ovarian, cervical, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. Risk factors vary

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Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck cancer encompasses tumors that develop in the mouth, throat, nose, sinuses, and salivary glands. Risk factors include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, human papillomavirus (HPV) infecti

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Renal Cell Cancer

Renal cell cancer, also known as renal cell carcinoma (RCC), arises from the cells lining the small tubes in the kidneys. Risk factors include smoking, obesity, hypertension, and certain genetic condi

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Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow.

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Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which plays a vital role in the body's immune system. It occurs when lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, undergo abnormal growth and form tumors. There are two main types: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Common symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, fever, and unexplained weight loss. The exact cause is often unknown, but factors like age, weakened immune system, and certain infections may contribute. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. Early diagnosis and personalized treatment plans are crucial for managing lymphoma.

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Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis globally, characterized by the gradual degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone.

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Fractures

Fractures, commonly known as broken bones, are disruptions in the continuity of bone structure that result from external forces exceeding the bone's strength.

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Ankle Pain

Ankle pain, a common orthopedic complaint, involves discomfort or soreness in the ankle joint, which connects the foot and leg.

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Ankle Tenditis

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Concussion

A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from a direct blow or jolt to the head, face, or neck, causing a temporary disturbance in brain function. Commonly occurring in sports, accidents, or falls, concussions often involve a rapid acceleration and deceleration of the head. The impact can lead to various symptoms, such as headache, confusion, dizziness, nausea, and memory impairment. While concussions are typically considered mild, they necessitate prompt medical attention as repeated concussions can have cumulative and potentially severe consequences. Diagnosing concussions involves clinical evaluation, cognitive testing, and, in some cases, imaging studies. Management includes rest, gradual return to activities, and close monitoring to ensure a safe and complete recovery. Understanding and proper management of concussions are vital for preventing long-term complications and ensuring the well-being of those affected.

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Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome is a nerve compression disorder affecting the ulnar nerve as it passes through the cubital tunnel, a narrow passageway on the inner side of the elbow.

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Elbow Pain

Elbow pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint characterized by discomfort or soreness in the elbow joint. This condition can arise from various causes, including injuries, overuse, inflammation, or underlying medical issues. The elbow, comprising bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments, plays a crucial role in arm movement and functionality. Elbow pain may manifest as a dull ache, sharp pain, or tenderness, limiting the range of motion and affecting daily activities. Common causes include tennis or golfer's elbow, fractures, sprains, arthritis, bursitis, and nerve compression. Understanding the underlying cause through clinical examination and, if necessary, imaging studies is essential for devising an appropriate treatment plan, which may involve rest, physical therapy, medications, or, in severe cases, surgical intervention to alleviate pain and restore optimal elbow function.

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Back Pain

Back pain is a prevalent and often debilitating condition affecting people of all ages and backgrounds.

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Cartilage Injuries

Cartilage injuries involve damage to the connective tissue that cushions and protects joints, providing smooth movement between bones. Cartilage in the knees, hips, and shoulders is vital fo

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Sports Injuries

Sports injuries, a prevalent and inevitable aspect of athletic endeavours, encompass a wide range of physical traumas incurred during sports or exercise. These injuries can affect various bo

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Neuromuscular Disorders

A neuromuscular disorder pertains to conditions affecting the nerves that control voluntary muscles and the communication between nerves and muscles. These disorders can manifest as weakness

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Spinal Cord Tumor

The spinal cord is a vital part of our body, acting like a highway that carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body. Sometimes, abnormal growth of cells can occur in the spin

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Spinal Cord Injuries

Spinal cord injuries happen when there is damage to the spinal cord, a crucial bundle of nerves running through our backbone. These injuries can result from accidents, falls, or other trauma

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Spinal Deformities

Spinal deformities are conditions where the backbone, or spine, has an abnormal shape or curvature. These deformities can occur for various reasons, such as genetic factors, poor posture, or

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Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic disorder primarily affecting the muscles controlling voluntary movements. It is characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord

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Spinal Fracture and Paralysis

A spinal fracture refers to a break or cracks in one or more vertebrae, the bones that make up the spine. These fractures can result from trauma, such as car accidents or falls, or condition

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Orthopedic Trauma

Orthopedic trauma refers to severe injuries affecting the musculoskeletal system, encompassing bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. These injuries often result from accidents, fal

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Hip Fracture

Hip fractures, a prevalent orthopedic injury, occur when the femur (thigh bone) breaks near the hip joint. Primarily affecting the elderly, especially those with weakened bones due to condit

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Slip Disc

A slipped disc, also known as a herniated or ruptured disc, occurs when a spinal disc's soft, gel-like centre protrudes through a tear in its tough outer layer. This condition can cause pain, numbness, or weakness in the affected area, typically the lower back or neck. The most common cause of a slipped disc is age-related wear and tear, which can also result from injury or strain. Heavy lifting, twisting, or sudden movements can exacerbate the condition. Treatment options for a slipped disc may include rest, pain management, physical therapy, or surgery in severe cases. Proper diagnosis and management are essential to alleviate symptoms and prevent further complications. With timely intervention and appropriate care, individuals with a slipped disc can often experience relief and regain function in the affected area.

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Stroke

A stroke, often referred to as a "brain attack," is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted, either by a blockage in the blood vessels (ischemic stroke) or by bleeding into the brain tissue (hemorrhagic stroke). This interruption in blood supply can lead to severe damage to brain cells, causing a range of physical and cognitive impairments. Strokes can manifest suddenly, with symptoms such as sudden numbness, confusion, difficulty speaking, or loss of coordination. Timely intervention is crucial to minimize long-term consequences, and immediate medical attention can significantly improve the chances of recovery. Risk factors for strokes include hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle. Public awareness about the signs and symptoms of strokes, as well as preventive measures, plays a vital role in reducing the overall burden of this life-altering condition.

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Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological condition that affects the brain and causes recurrent seizures. Imagine the brain as a supercomputer that controls everything our body does. In epilepsy, this computer somet

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Parkinsons Disease & Other Movement Disorders

Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders are conditions that affect the nervous system, causing changes in movement and coordination. Parkinson's disease is characterized by tremors, stiffness, slow movement, and difficulty with balance and coordination. Other movement disorders include essential tremor, dystonia, and Huntington's disease. These conditions can have various causes, including genetic factors, environmental factors, and damage to the brain's structures. Symptoms can be managed through medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes. While there is no cure, treatment can help improve the quality of life and alleviate symptoms. Early diagnosis and ongoing care are essential for managing these conditions effectively.

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Headache & Migraine

Headaches and migraines are common neurological conditions characterized by pain in the head or neck region. Headaches can be caused by various factors, including stress, dehydration, eye strain, or u

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Dementia

Dementia is a broad term describing a decline in cognitive function severe enough to interfere with daily life. It encompasses various disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia,

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Alzheimer's

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, the most common cause of dementia among older adults. It gradually impairs memory, cognition, and eventually, the ability to carry out daily tasks. Risk factors include age, family history, and genetic predisposition. Pathologically, it involves the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits in the brain, leading to nerve cell death and brain tissue loss. Symptoms may include memory loss, confusion, mood changes, and difficulty with language or decision-making. Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer's, but treatments can help manage symptoms and improve the quality of life for affected individuals and their caregivers.

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Peripheral Neuropathies

Peripheral neuropathies refer to a group of conditions affecting the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. These disorders disrupt normal nerve functioning, leading to symptoms like pain, numbness

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Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting voluntary muscles, causing weakness and fatigue. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks receptors responsible for transmitti

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Myopathies

Myopathies are a group of muscle disorders characterized by abnormal muscle structure or function. These conditions can be inherited or acquired and lead to muscle weakness, pain, or stiffness. Myopat

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ALS (Amyotrphic Lateral Sclerosis)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. ALS leads to muscle weakness, paralysis, and eventually, respiratory failure. Symptoms include muscle twitching, weakness, and difficulty speaking, swallowing, and breathing. The cause is largely unknown, although genetic and environmental factors may play a role. There is currently no cure for ALS, and treatments focus on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. The progressive nature of ALS highlights the need for ongoing research and support for individuals affected by this debilitating disease.

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Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a condition that affects the brain and spinal cord. It happens when the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers, leading to communication pr

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Sleep Disorders

Sleep disorders are conditions that affect the ability to get enough quality sleep. They can involve difficulties falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much. Common sleep disorders include i

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Vascular Diseases (Brain Aneurysm/AVM)

Vascular diseases, like brain aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), affect the blood vessels in our bodies. Think of blood vessels as highways that carry blood to and from different parts

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Degenerative Spine & Disc Diseases

Degenerative spine and disc diseases involve changes in the spine's structure over time. Imagine the spine as a stack of building blocks (vertebrae) with cushions (discs) in between. With age, these discs may wear down, causing conditions like degenerative disc disease. This can lead to pain, stiffness, and reduced flexibility. Additionally, conditions like spinal stenosis or herniated discs may develop, affecting nerve function. Lifestyle, genetics, and wear and tear contribute to these changes. Understanding these degenerative conditions is vital for managing symptoms, improving quality of life, and exploring appropriate treatments like physical therapy or, in severe cases, surgery.

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Trigeminal Neuralgia & Hemifacial Spasm

Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasms are neurological conditions that cause severe facial pain and muscle spasms, respectively. Trigeminal neuralgia affects the trigeminal nerve, causing sudden,

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Head, Neck and Brain Tumours

Head, neck and brain tumors are abnormal growths of cells that develop in the tissues of the head, neck, or brain. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), with varying deg

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Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is a condition where there's too much cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's ventricles, causing pressure and swelling. CSF normally cushions the brain and spinal cord. However, when it accumulates excessively, it can lead to various symptoms, including headaches, nausea, balance problems, and vision changes. Hydrocephalus can happen at any age, from birth to old age, and can be congenital or acquired due to injury, infection, or tumor. Treatment usually involves surgically inserting a shunt to drain excess fluid or endoscopic procedures to create new pathways for fluid drainage. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for minimizing complications.

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Congenital Malformations of Brain & Synostosis

Congenital malformations of the brain and synostosis are conditions where the brain or skull bones don't develop properly during pregnancy or infancy. These malformations can affect brain structure, function, and skull shape. Examples include holoprosencephaly, where the brain doesn't divide into two hemispheres properly, and craniosynostosis, where skull bones fuse too early, leading to abnormal head shape. These conditions can cause developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, and facial abnormalities. Treatment may involve surgery to correct skull shape or manage symptoms. Early intervention and support are crucial for optimizing outcomes and improving the quality of life for affected individuals.

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Hypertensive Bleed

Hypertensive bleeding, also known as hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, occurs when high blood pressure weakens small blood vessels in the brain, causing them to rupture and bleed into surrounding

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Brain Aneurysms

A brain aneurysm is a weak, bulging spot in a brain artery that can rupture, leading to potentially life-threatening bleeding within the brain. Often asymptomatic until rupture, an aneurysm may cause

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Vascular Tumors

Vascular tumors encompass a diverse group of abnormal growths originating from blood vessels. These tumors can manifest in various forms, from benign lesions like hemangiomas to malignant entities suc

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Pediatric Neruovascular Lesions

Pediatric neurovascular lesions encompass a spectrum of abnormal growths affecting the blood vessels within the nervous system of children. These lesions may include arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)

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Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM)

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex vascular anomalies characterized by abnormal connections between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary bed. These congenital lesions can occur in v

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Arteriovenous Fistulas (AVF)

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) represent abnormal connections between arteries and veins, bypassing the usual capillary network. In interventional neurology, AVFs are particularly relevant when they oc

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Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas (DAVF)

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are like tiny highways where blood flows too quickly from arteries to veins in the tough covering of the brain called the dura. This unusual connection can cause p

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Carotid Venous Fistula

A carotid venous fistula is a rare condition where there's an abnormal connection between the carotid artery, which supplies blood to the brain, and nearby veins. It's like a shortcut where blood takes a detour, causing problems because it disrupts normal blood flow. This can lead to symptoms like a pulsating lump in the neck, vision changes, or even stroke-like symptoms. Doctors use tests like ultrasounds or angiograms to diagnose it. Treatment might involve closing off the abnormal connection to restore normal blood flow and prevent complications. Early detection and treatment are essential for improving the patient's condition.

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Intracranial Venous Disorders

Intracranial venous disorders are problems with the veins inside the brain. These veins help carry blood back to the heart. Disorders like cerebral venous thrombosis or venous malformations can disrup

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Acute Central Nervous System Injury

Acute central nervous system (CNS) injury refers to sudden damage affecting the brain or spinal cord due to trauma, stroke, or other events. It can lead to neurological deficits and life-threatening c

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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from a sudden impact or jolt to the head, leading to brain dysfunction. Causes include falls, accidents, sports injuries, or violence. TBI severity varies from mil

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Mild Cognitive Impairment

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition where cognitive abilities decline more than expected for age but do not significantly impair daily functioning. It can be a precursor to dementia, partic

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Memory Loss associated with Parkinson's Disease or Multiple Sclerosis

Memory loss can occur in Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis (MS) due to neurodegenerative changes affecting the brain. In Parkinson's, memory impairment often manifests in later stages, alongside movement symptoms. MS-related memory loss can result from lesions in the brain's white matter affecting cognitive function. Symptoms may include forgetfulness, difficulty with concentration, and impaired executive function. Diagnosis involves neurological assessments, imaging tests, and cognitive evaluations. Treatment focuses on managing underlying conditions, medications to alleviate symptoms, and rehabilitation therapy to improve cognitive function. Supportive strategies, such as memory aids and cognitive exercises, can help manage memory loss and improve quality of life.

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Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over time. Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kid

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Kidney Stones

Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys, often due to concentrated urine and certain dietary factors. They can vary in size and may cause severe pain when passing through the

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Adrenal Cancer

Adrenal cancer is a rare malignancy that develops in the adrenal glands, which produce hormones essential for bodily functions. Risk factors include genetic conditions, radiation exposure, and certain

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Kidney Failure

Kidney failure, also known as renal failure, occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood effectively. Causes include diabetes, hypertension, ki

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Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer develops in the prostate gland, affecting millions of men worldwide. Risk factors include age, family history, and race. Early-stage prostate cancer may not cause symptoms, but advance

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Benign Prostate Hyperplasia/Enlarged Prostate

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or an enlarged prostate, is a common condition in aging men where the prostate gland grows larger than usual. Symptoms may include frequent urination, urgency, weak

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Kidney Cancer

Kidney cancer, or renal cell carcinoma, develops in the kidneys' small tubules responsible for filtering waste from the blood. Risk factors include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, and genetic factors. Symptoms may include blood in urine, back pain, weight loss, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves imaging tests, blood tests, and biopsy. Treatment options depend on the cancer stage, size, and location and may include surgery, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. The prognosis varies depending on the cancer's aggressiveness and spread. Early detection and intervention are vital for better outcomes. Lifestyle modifications, such as quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy weight, can reduce risk.

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Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer develops in the bladder's lining and is often associated with smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, and chronic bladder inflammation. Symptoms may include blood in the urine, frequent urination, pain during urination, and lower back pain. Diagnosis involves urine tests, imaging studies, and cystoscopy with biopsy. Treatment options depend on the cancer stage, size, and location and may include surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, or intravesical therapy. The prognosis varies depending on the cancer's aggressiveness and spread. Early detection and intervention are crucial for better outcomes. Smoking cessation and minimizing exposure to carcinogens can help prevent bladder cancer.

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Urinary Tract Infection

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection affecting the urinary system, including the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra. Risk factors include female anatomy, sexual activity

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Urinary Incontinence

Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine, affecting millions worldwide. It can result from weakened pelvic floor muscles, nerve damage, or underlying health conditions. Risk factors in

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Umbilical Hernia

An umbilical hernia occurs when part of the intestine protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall near the navel. It is common in infants and often resolves without treatment by age 1 or 2. In

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Phimosis

Phimosis is a condition where the foreskin of the penis is tight and cannot be fully retracted over the head, or glans, of the penis. It can occur naturally in infants and young boys, but may also dev

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Hydrocele

A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac surrounding the testicle, leading to scrotal swelling. It commonly occurs in newborns due to fluid accumulation during development, often resolving on its own within

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Varicocele

A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, often described as a "bag of worms" feeling. It typically occurs on the left side due to the anatomy of the veins but can also affect both sides. Varicoceles can develop during puberty or adulthood and may cause discomfort, testicular pain, or fertility issues. Risk factors include obesity, heavy lifting, and standing for long periods. Diagnosis involves physical examination and sometimes imaging tests. Treatment options include observation, supportive measures like wearing supportive underwear, or surgery to repair the affected veins, especially if symptoms are bothersome or affect fertility.

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Hematuria (Blood in Urine)

Hematuria, or blood in the urine, can result from various conditions affecting the urinary tract, kidneys, or bladder. Causes range from urinary tract infections, kidney stones, or trauma to more seri

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Prostatitis

Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland, often resulting from bacterial infection, but can also occur due to noninfectious causes. It can manifest as acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bac

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Uterine (Pelvic Prolapse)

Uterine or pelvic prolapse occurs when the uterus or other pelvic organs descend from their normal position, often due to weakened pelvic floor muscles and ligaments. Risk factors include childbirth,

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Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a prevalent form of cancer that originates in the cells of the breast. It can affect both men and women but is more common in the latter. This cancer usually begins as a lump or abnor

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Crohn's Disease

Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that can cause problems in the digestive system. It happens when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the digestive tract, causing inflammation. This can lead to symptoms like stomach pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. Crohn's disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. While there's no cure for Crohn's disease, treatments like medication, diet changes, and sometimes surgery can help manage symptoms and reduce inflammation, allowing people with Crohn's to live relatively normal lives with proper care.

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Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is a condition where the pancreas, a gland behind the stomach, becomes swollen and inflamed. This happens when digestive enzymes start working inside the pancreas, causing irritation and

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Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon and rectum. It causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the digestive tract, leading to symptoms like abdominal

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Celiac Disease

Celiac disease is a serious autoimmune disorder where eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, triggers an immune response in the small intestine. This response damages the lining of

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Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding refers to bleeding that occurs anywhere in the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. It can manifest as bright red or dark-colored blood in vomit or stool. Causes incl

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Chronic Liver Disease/Cirrhosis

Chronic liver disease, also known as cirrhosis, is a progressive condition where healthy liver tissue is replaced with scar tissue, affecting liver function. It can result from various factors like ch

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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory conditions that affect the digestive tract, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions cause inflammatio

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Abdominal Pain

Abdominal pain refers to discomfort or cramping felt in the area between the chest and pelvis. It can be caused by various factors such as indigestion, gas, constipation, or menstrual cramps. However,

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Chronic Pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term inflammation of the pancreas, a gland behind the stomach. It occurs when digestive enzymes become activated within the pancreas, leading to tissue damage and scarri

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Hepatitis A, B, C, E

Hepatitis A, B, C, and E are viral infections that affect the liver, each caused by different viruses. Hepatitis A is usually spread through contaminated food or water and causes flu-like symptoms. He

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Gallstone Disease

Gallstone disease occurs when hard deposits form in the gallbladder, a small organ beneath the liver. These stones can vary in size and composition and may block the bile ducts, causing intense abdomi

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Abdominal Bleeding

Abdominal bleeding refers to bleeding that occurs within the abdominal cavity, often resulting from trauma, gastrointestinal conditions, or underlying medical issues. Symptoms include abdominal pain,

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Acute Liver Failure

Acute liver failure is a rare but serious condition where the liver suddenly loses its ability to function, leading to rapid deterioration of liver function and potentially life-threatening complicati

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Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas, often triggered by gallstones, alcohol abuse, or certain medications. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever.

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Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer affects the colon or rectum and is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Risk factors include age, family history, obesity, smoking, and a diet high in red or processed meats. Sy

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Anal Fistula

An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel-like passage that forms between the anal canal and the skin near the anus. It often develops as a complication of an anal abscess, which can result from infection

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Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus, causing discomfort, pain, and bleeding during bowel movements.

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