An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel-like passage that forms between the anal canal and the skin near the anus. It often develops as a complication of an anal abscess, which can result from infection or inflammation in the anal glands. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, discharge of pus or blood from the anus, and discomfort during bowel movements. Treatment typically involves surgical intervention to drain the abscess, excise the fistula tract, and promote healing. However, recurrence is common, and multiple surgeries may be necessary. Proper management and follow-up care are essential to prevent complications and ensure optimal outcomes.