Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex vascular anomalies characterized by abnormal connections between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary bed. These congenital lesions can occur in various organs but are most commonly found in the brain and spinal cord. AVMs pose significant risks, including hemorrhage, neurological deficits, and seizures. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies like cerebral angiography and MRI. Treatment strategies depend on factors such as AVM location, size, and symptoms, ranging from conservative management to surgical resection, endovascular embolization, or stereotactic radiosurgery. Understanding the pathophysiology and management of AVMs is essential for optimizing patient outcomes and reducing associated risks.