Bladder cancer develops in the bladder's lining and is often associated with smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, and chronic bladder inflammation. Symptoms may include blood in the urine, frequent urination, pain during urination, and lower back pain. Diagnosis involves urine tests, imaging studies, and cystoscopy with biopsy. Treatment options depend on the cancer stage, size, and location and may include surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, or intravesical therapy. The prognosis varies depending on the cancer's aggressiveness and spread. Early detection and intervention are crucial for better outcomes. Smoking cessation and minimizing exposure to carcinogens can help prevent bladder cancer.