Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over time. Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. Symptoms may not manifest until the disease is advanced, and can include fatigue, swelling, changes in urination, nausea, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves blood tests, urine tests, and imaging studies. Treatment aims to slow disease progression, manage symptoms, and prevent complications, through medications, lifestyle changes, and sometimes dialysis or kidney transplantation. Early detection and intervention are crucial for preserving kidney function and improving outcomes.