Colorectal cancer affects the colon or rectum and is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Risk factors include age, family history, obesity, smoking, and a diet high in red or processed meats. Symptoms may include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal discomfort, fatigue, or unintended weight loss. Screening tests like colonoscopy or fecal occult blood tests can detect early-stage disease when treatment is most effective. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy, depending on the cancer's stage and location. Lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining a healthy weight and regular exercise, can reduce the risk. Early detection and intervention are crucial for improving survival rates.