Congenital malformations of the brain and synostosis are conditions where the brain or skull bones don't develop properly during pregnancy or infancy. These malformations can affect brain structure, function, and skull shape. Examples include holoprosencephaly, where the brain doesn't divide into two hemispheres properly, and craniosynostosis, where skull bones fuse too early, leading to abnormal head shape. These conditions can cause developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, and facial abnormalities. Treatment may involve surgery to correct skull shape or manage symptoms. Early intervention and support are crucial for optimizing outcomes and improving the quality of life for affected individuals.