Gastrointestinal malignancies encompass a broad spectrum of cancers affecting the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and anus. Risk factors vary by cancer type but often include smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, poor diet, and genetic predisposition. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, changes in bowel habits, jaundice, or unexplained weight loss. Diagnosis involves imaging tests, biopsy, and staging evaluations. Treatment options depend on the cancer type, stage, and individual patient factors and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Early detection and comprehensive management are vital for improving outcomes in gastrointestinal malignancies.