Head and neck cancer encompasses tumors that develop in the mouth, throat, nose, sinuses, and salivary glands. Risk factors include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and exposure to certain chemicals or radiation. Symptoms vary depending on the cancer's location but may include mouth sores, persistent throat pain, difficulty swallowing, voice changes, and swelling in the neck. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging tests, and biopsy. Treatment options depend on the cancer type, stage, and individual patient factors and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Early detection and comprehensive care are crucial for improving outcomes in head and neck cancer.