Kidney cancer, or renal cell carcinoma, develops in the kidneys' small tubules responsible for filtering waste from the blood. Risk factors include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, and genetic factors. Symptoms may include blood in urine, back pain, weight loss, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves imaging tests, blood tests, and biopsy. Treatment options depend on the cancer stage, size, and location and may include surgery, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. The prognosis varies depending on the cancer's aggressiveness and spread. Early detection and intervention are vital for better outcomes. Lifestyle modifications, such as quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy weight, can reduce risk.