Kidney failure, also known as renal failure, occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood effectively. Causes include diabetes, hypertension, kidney infections, and certain medications. Symptoms may include fatigue, swelling, changes in urination, nausea, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves blood tests, urine tests, and imaging studies. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, slow disease progression, and prevent complications, through medications, lifestyle changes, and sometimes dialysis or kidney transplantation. Early detection and intervention are crucial for preserving kidney function and improving outcomes in kidney failure.