Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys, often due to concentrated urine and certain dietary factors. They can vary in size and may cause severe pain when passing through the urinary tract. Symptoms include sharp pain in the back or side, nausea, vomiting, and blood in the urine. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and urine analysis. Treatment options depend on the stone's size and location and may include pain management, hydration, medication, or procedures like lithotripsy or surgery to remove or break up the stones. Prevention strategies include staying hydrated and dietary modifications to reduce stone formation.