Renal cell cancer, also known as renal cell carcinoma (RCC), arises from the cells lining the small tubes in the kidneys. Risk factors include smoking, obesity, hypertension, and certain genetic conditions. Symptoms may include blood in the urine, flank pain, a palpable mass, weight loss, or fever. Diagnosis involves imaging tests, biopsy, and staging evaluations. Treatment options depend on the cancer stage, size, and location and may include surgery, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or radiation therapy. The prognosis varies depending on the cancer's aggressiveness and spread. Early detection and intervention are vital for better outcomes in renal cell cancer.