Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) is a genetic blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin, leading to the production of crescent-shaped red blood cells. These misshapen cells can obstruct blood vessels, causing reduced oxygen supply, intense pain, and organ damage. Primarily affecting individuals of African, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern descent, SCA results from inheriting two abnormal hemoglobin genes. Symptoms include anemia, fatigue, and increased susceptibility to infections. While there's no cure, management involves pain relief, blood transfusions, and potentially stem cell transplantation. As a chronic condition, SCA necessitates comprehensive care, including preventive measures and ongoing medical support to improve the quality of life for affected individuals.