Candidates typically include individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher (severe obesity) or a BMI of 35 or higher with obesity-related health conditions that could improve with weight loss. Candidates should have tried other weight loss methods without long-term success.

Benefits may include significant and sustained weight loss, improvement or resolution of obesity-related health conditions (such as diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea), enhanced quality of life, and increased lifespan.

Risks can include complications related to surgery, such as infection, bleeding, blood clots, leaks from surgical connections, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. Long-term risks may include nutritional deficiencies, gallstones, and gastrointestinal issues.

Recovery varies depending on the type of surgery performed. Patients typically spend a few days in the hospital after surgery and gradually transition to a liquid diet followed by pureed and soft foods. Full recovery can take several weeks to months, during which patients adjust to dietary changes and establish new eating habits.

Lifestyle changes are crucial for long-term success after bariatric surgery and may include adopting a healthy diet, portion control, regular physical activity, behavior modification, and adherence to post-operative guidelines and follow-up appointments.

Long-term results of bariatric surgery include sustained weight loss, improved metabolic health, reduction in obesity-related comorbidities, and enhanced quality of life. However, long-term success depends on factors such as adherence to lifestyle changes and ongoing medical monitoring.